Posts mit dem Label indonesien werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen
Posts mit dem Label indonesien werden angezeigt. Alle Posts anzeigen

03.06.2017

A. L. Stoler: Along the Archival Grain / Buchrezensionen

Along the Archival Grain. Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense
Rezensiert für H-Soz-Kult von  Minu Haschemi Yekani, Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute Florenz


Ereignisse strukturieren nicht selten historiographische Erzählungen. Michel Foucault hat das Ereignis – freilich gegen die klassische Ereignisgeschichte argumentierend – als einschneidende Einzigartigkeit definiert. Es sei durch keine Regierungszeit, keinen Vertrag oder keine Entscheidung markiert, sondern durch nichts weniger als durch „die Umkehrung eines Kräfteverhältnisses, den Sturz einer Macht, die Umfunktionierung einer Sprache und ihre Verwendung gegen die bisherigen Sprecher, die Schwächung, die Vergiftung einer Herrschaft durch sie selbst, das maskierte Auftreten einer anderen Herrschaft.“[1] Ann Laura Stoler verlegt in ihrem neuen Buch „Along the Archival Grain. Epistemic Anxieties and Colonial Common Sense“ – mit und gegen Michel Foucaults Arbeiten – das Ereignis in die (kolonialen) Archive.

Ganz den Dokumenten zur niederländischen Kolonialherrschaft in Indonesien verschrieben, definiert Stoler das archivarische oder „archivalisierte“ Ereignis als „moments that disrupt (if only provisionally) a field of force, that challenge (if only slightly) what can be said and done, that question (if only quietly) ‚epistemic warrant’, that realign the certainties of the probable more than they mark wholesale reversals of direction.“ (S. 51) Mit diesem Fokus ist es ihr Anliegen, auch die Geschichte hinter denjenigen Dokumenten zu beleuchten, die zum Beispiel nie realisierte Pläne diskutieren, Zeugnis von „Nicht-Ereignissen“ (S. 4) geben und damit in der Historiografie selten im Fokus stehen. Mit anderen Worten: Stoler widmet sich marginalisierten Geschichten, der „minor history“. Ihre Spuren, Wirksamkeit und Bedeutung zu belegen, kann als eines der (vielen) Anliegen dieses Buches aufgefasst werden.

Dokumente der Sammlung des niederländischen Kolonialministeriums (1814-1954) aus den Jahren 1830 bis 1930, die im Nationaal Archief, dem ehemaligen Algemenen Rijksarchief, in Den Haag archiviert sind, stellen den Hauptquellenkorpus der meisten Kapitel dar. Nur die langjährige Erfahrung und die genaue Kenntnis dieses Archivs – in Stolers Fall mindestens zwei Dekaden – ermöglichen es, ein solches Buch zu schreiben: Jeder Seite von „Along the Archival Grain“ ist die Virtuosität anzumerken, mit der Stoler die Archivalien liest, vergleicht, nach Lücken forscht, Auslassungen und Durchstreichungen untersucht, die schriftlichen Anordnungen, geheimen Sendschreiben, Rundschreiben, Berichte und persönlichen Briefe gegen das Licht hält, die scheinbar verborgenen „Wasserzeichen“ (S. 8) der Macht lesbar macht und „historische Negative“ (S. 107) entwickelt, wie sie es nennt.

Stolers Fokus richtet sich zudem, dies kennt man bereits aus ihren früheren Arbeiten, auf die Brüchigkeit, welche die Macht von innen heraus bedroht und gleichzeitig stabilisiert. In „Along the Archival Grain“ allerdings geht es weniger als in früheren Arbeiten um Fragen sozialer und kultureller Stratifizierung, als um die im Archiv dokumentierte brüchige (Un-)Einheitlichkeit des kolonialen common sense. Den „archival turn“ (S. 44) aufgreifend, dreht Stoler das (nicht nur) unter Kolonialhistoriker/innen beliebt gewordene Diktum, die Quellen „zwischen den Zeilen und gegen den Strich zu lesen“, um.[2] Stolers Kehrtwende besteht darin, innezuhalten und den Strich zunächst fein säuberlich freizulegen, zu entdecken und mit ihm zu lesen. Dieses Anliegen verbindet sich mit dem Ziel, etablierte Annahmen über Funktion und Funktionsweise der Wissensgenese des kolonialen Staates zu überprüfen und zu überdenken. Stoler verbindet diese Methode mit einem Nachdenken über den Zusammenhang von emotionaler Ökonomie, kolonialer Regierungskunst und dem Archiv, welches – nicht erst seit Jacques Derrida[3] – als Behausung der Macht gilt. Im kolonialen Staat spielte zudem Taxonomisierung eine besonders große Rolle: „The making of colonial categories shares this ambiguous epistemic space. New social objects were the archive’s product as much as subjects of them.“ (S. 43) Das Archiv wird in Stolers Interpretation als eine Sammlung von Aussagen und als ein Depot von Dokumenten verstanden, als ein Ort des Imaginären und der Institutionen, die Geschichte gestalteten. Nicht zuletzt verweise das Archiv auf die emotionale Ökonomie imperialer Projekte, als deren Unterbau sie fungiere. Stoler zweifelt am Konzept eines abgeschlossenen „Wahrheitsregimes“, welches sich in einem vermeintlichen common sense manifestiere: „This shaping of common sense, and the reigning of uncommon sense, together make up the substance of colonial governance and its working epistemologies.“ (S. 38)

Along the Archival Grain / Ann Laura Stoler







06.02.2017

Willem de Rooij: Blue to Black (2013) and Black to Blue (2015)








In particular, two large-scale sublime textiles Blue to Black (2013) and Black to Blue (2015) trace the global legacy of the Dutch colonial project, looking at textile industries in Ghana and Indonesia where one of the two works was produced with the support of the IMA. More recent developments in de Rooij’s work with hand-woven fabrics can be seen in the series of seven stretched textiles shaped as tangrams (a Chinese dissection puzzle). In this body of work from 2015, hand-spun thread in two colours form the warp and weft to create rich monochromes. Also investigating the ambiguous relations between colour and "meaning" is the iconic work Orange, created by de Rijke/de Rooij in 2004 (his collaboration with Jeroen de Rijke, 1994–2006). This series of slides use a single colour to make reference to an expansive range of subjects. Bouquet XVI (2015), is a monumental dried floral arrangement, sourced locally, that reveals the artist’s multilayered and complex approach to materials and concepts, referencing climate, drought, and the still-life tradition so prominent in Dutch art history. In a surreal twist, Farafra (2013), extends the presence of the natural world through sound.


Since 2009, the artist has taken his inspiration from the structural polarity of woven fabric and thus initiated a reflection around contrast and nuance. These weavings aim to generate meaning through the material they are made of, not through external references. For this exhibition, Willem de Rooij presents four handwoven works and a large wax print on cotton.
Rather than a treated surface, like that of a painting, these woven works are created by use of different mixtures of synthetic polyester sewing thread. Conceived as one installation, the five works make use of the same two colors : black and blue.

The monochromatic appearance of the weavings on closer inspection reveals a gradual transition from one shade of colour to another. The colorimetric modulations facilitate constant shifts in the viewer’s perception of the works on show. Taken in their entirety, they embody sameness as well as difference, the individual and the collective.

The weavings presented at the Chantal Crousel Gallery are part of a larger series, for the creation of which Willem de Rooij restrained himself to a limited number of colors and sizes. The titles of the works, often anagrams derived from names of locations or persons connected to the work add to the myriad cross-references between the various works in this series.

Produced especially for this exhibition, the wax print Blue to Black reminds of former colonial trade-routes and the resulting migration patterns between Asia, Africa and Europe.
In the 19th century Dutch colonial trading companies industrialized the traditional Indonesian Batik fabric printing process. While buyers in Indonesia proved resistant to the mechanical produce, new markets opened in West Africa, where the printed fabrics remain popular also today. Blue to Black was produced by the Ghana Textile Printing Company (GTP) in Tema, Ghana. GTP is owned by a Dutch firm even today; in this line of industry, ancient colonial structures are still at work.

Over the last five years, the notion of "referentiality", or the development of strategies to bypass external references became important elements in de Rooij’s work. Throughout his career, the artist has analyzed the conventions of presentation and representation and assesses the tension between sociopolitical and autonomous image production.


About the artist

Willem de Rooij, born 1969 in Beverwijk, the Netherlands, now lives and works in Berlin, Germany. De Rooij studied art history at the University of Amsterdam and art at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie and the Rijksakademie in Amsterdam. He is currently Professor of Fine Art at the Städelschule, Frankfurt am Main and Guest Advisor at the Rijksakademie, Amsterdam. In 2014 he was nominated for the Vincent Award, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag, The Hague. Recent solo exhibitions include: Entitled (2016), MMK Museum für Moderne Kunst, Frankfurt, Germany; The Impassioned No (2015), Le Consortium, Dijon, France; Character Is Fate (2015) Witte de With, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Index: Riots, Protest, Mourning and Commemoration (2014), Arnolfini, Bristol, UK; Using Walls, Floors and Ceilings(2014), the Jewish Museum, New York, USA; Farafra (2013), Bergen Kunsthall, Bergen, Norway; Untitled (2012) at Kunstverein München, Munich; Crazy Repelled Firelight (2011), Friedrich Petzel Gallery, New York, USA; and Intolerance (2010) at Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, Germany.



15.01.2017

LIDWIEN VAN DE VENFRAGMENTS [of a desire for revolution]


Lidwien van de Ven, Tanah Merah (Papua), 2016


LIDWIEN VAN DE VENFRAGMENTS [of a desire for revolution]
28/01/2017 - 09/04/2017
about the relationship between the Netherlands and Indonesia
Curators: Christiane Berndes

From 28 January 2017 the Project Room in the exhibition The Collection Nowwill be dedicated to FRAGMENTS [of a desire for revolution], a new work by Lidwien van de Ven, commissioned by the Van Abbemuseum. In 2014 the Van Abbemuseum invited Van de Ven to carry out research into the colonial history of the Netherlands in Indonesia. The result is FRAGMENTS, an ambitious installation comprising Van de Ven’s large format photographic works, alongside video and documentary material.
FRAGMENTS

During an exploratory visit in 2015 Van de Ven attended the 60th commemoration of the Konferensi Asia Afrika in Bandung, a meeting that in 1955 brought together 29 African-Asiatic countries to seek economic and cultural collaboration and to fight against colonial domination. One of the highlights in 1955 was President Sukarno’s opening speech. He raised questions, still relevant today, about identity and how we want to live together in a globalizing world. In 2015 the International People’s Tribunal took place in The Hague to examine the military coup in 1965 and the following mass murder of an estimated 500,000 to 1,000,000 communists, ethnic Chinese citizens and supporters of left-wing parties. This history remains sensitive and contested today.

Van de Ven explored the Dutch role in the history of communism in Indonesia and came across the inspirational role played by the Dutchman Henk Sneevliet who in 1914, founded the Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging, which later became the communist party in Indonesia, PKI. It was opposed by the Dutch colonial powers, which suppressed the development of communism and its aim for independence. When the communist uprisings of 1926/1927 against the colonial oppressors failed, the Netherlands responded by expelling the rebels to Boven Digoel (Upper Digul), a remote area, 500 kilometre up the Digul-river in Papua New-Guinea, where the Dutch founded the internment camps, Tanah Merah and Tanah Tinggi. Van de Ven’s presentation builds around this location.

In present-day Tanah Merah she looked for traces of the former internment camp, whose history for many has been virtually forgotten. She mapped its history with the help of different sources, like the publications by I.F.M. Salim, an exile who was interned in the camp from 1928 to 1943, and by L.J.A. Schoonheyt, who worked in the camp as a doctor from 1932 to 1934. Further archival research in the Netherlands and Jakarta provided additional perspectives. The first exiles were expelled using the so-called Exorbitant Rights of the Governor General to circumvent the judiciary, which also implied that appeal was not possible. Papua was infamous for the many diseases as malaria and black water fever, which were rampant, and for the presence of cannibals. Surviving there was a struggle. Although stories about the terrible living conditions in the camp reached the Netherlands in the late 1920s, the camp was not abolished. Only in 1943 were exiles evacuated to Australia, following the threat of the Japanese occupation and the fear of the Dutch authorities that the exiles might collude with the Japanese. A few of the remaining buildings were in the 90s designated as a historical monument to commemorate the struggle for independence.


LIDWIEN VAN DE VEN

Lidwien van de Ven is known above all as a photographer. She is interested in parts of the world where important social and political changes are taking place. These are also places in which often the complex reality is shunned and reduced to stereotypes. Van de Ven is curious to look into this process. She digs around for the meaning of traces of the past and the present, rather like an archaeologist. She looks for the almost invisible and intangible moment at which contemporary reality unfolds and tears appear in the fabric, which allow for new interpretations and perspectives. She translates this process into photographic works and installations with an extremely detailed composition. Lidwien van de Ven lives and works in Rotterdam and Berlin.

The Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV)

http://www.kitlv.nl



The Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde / Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (KITLV) aims to be a world-class research institute for the study of Southeast Asia and the Caribbean, with a focus on Indonesia and the ‘Dutch’ Caribbean, in an interdisciplinary and comparative perspective. Benefitting from the unrivalled collections offered on campus by Leiden University, KITLV researchers explore (dis)continuities between the (pre)colonial and postcolonial period, and articulate their research agendas empirically and theoretically in order to advance wider debates on the meandering paths of globalization. KITLV engages with the academic community across the world, as well as with (inter)national governmental organizations, NGOs, the media, and the interested general public. KITLV is an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW).

Research at KITLV is interdisciplinary by nature and characterized by approaches including (1) a strong historical dimension exploring (dis)continuities from the (pre)colonial to the postcolonial period and (2) an anthropological perspective; both of which aim to bring human agency into focus and investigate questions concerning motivation and signification; while (3) a political approach focuses on broader frameworks of power that mediate between global forces and local actors. History, anthropology, and the study of politics and language all offer comparative approaches for opening windows to wider global connections. Archival research, field work and textual and visual analysis are vital to this enterprise. KITLV research is characterized by an ongoing reflection on the historical linkages between (post)colonial scholarship and collections policies. This implies methodological reflection on the uses of colonial archives, and on the meaning and impact of e-technologies in academic research and data management.



KITLV invests in two long-term research themes: State, Violence and Citizenship and Mobility and Identity. These themes, relevant to the processes of post-colonial state formation and globalisation in South East Asia and the Caribbean at large, are connected by interrelated questions concerning the dynamics of power, meaning and belonging. KITLV aims to translate these themes into agenda-setting projects conducted by research teams consisting of senior scholars, postdoctoral researchers, PhD candidates and visiting fellows.

The Dutch National Exhibition of Women’s Labor, 1898



In 1898, the year Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands was inaugurated, five hundred women organized an enormous public exhibition showcasing women’s contributions to Dutch society as workers in a strikingly broad array of professions. The National Exhibition of Women’s Labor, held in The Hague, was attended by more than ninety thousand visitors. Maria Grever and Berteke Waaldijk consider the exhibition in the international contexts of women’s history, visual culture, and imperialism.
A comprehensive social history, Transforming the Public Sphere describes the planning and construction of the Exhibition of Women’s Labor and the event itself—the sights, the sounds, and the smells—as well as the role of exhibitions in late-nineteenth-century public culture. The authors discuss how the 1898 exhibition displayed the range and variety of women’s economic, intellectual, and artistic roles in Dutch culture, including their participation in such traditionally male professions as engineering, diamond-cutting, and printing and publishing. They examine how people and goods from the Dutch colonies were represented, most notably in an extensive open-air replica of a “Javanese village.” Grever and Waaldijk reveal the tensions the exhibition highlighted: between women of different economic classes; between the goal of equal rights for women and the display of imperial subjects and spoils; and between socialists and feminists, who competed fiercely with one another for working women’s support. Transforming the Public Sphere explores an event that served as the dress rehearsal for advances in women’s public participation during the twentieth century.

09.10.2015

Two centuries of slavery on Indonesian soil



On The Shelves
Linawati Sidarto, Contributor, Amsterdam | On The Shelves | Mon, October 05 2015, 4:08 PM



Tracing the history: Slaves by the water gate in Batavia by J. Rach, 1767.(Courtesy of Rijksmuseum Amsterdam)
On The Shelves News

BookWorm: Christian Sutardi: Shifting reading habits
Abolition of slavery
BookReviews: Rethinking the local, reappraising the global

While slavery in Dutch colonies in America is a known historical fact, hardly anyone is aware that up to a million people were bought, sold and had to endure slavery in Holland’s largest possession: Indonesia.
The slave Mono was regularly beaten by her owner. One day she could no longer stand the abuse and tried to run away.
Alas, she was captured. Her owner, seething with rage, tied her to a ladder, whipped and tortured her and left her for dead. Somehow, Mono was able to get hold of a knife and killed herself.
The above may sound like a scene from a Hollywood slavery movie, but it actually took place in Batavia in 1765, according to court archives belonging to the Dutch East India Company or Veerenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC).

Two books published this year in the Netherlands shed light on the widespread existence of slavery in the Indonesian archipelago during Dutch colonial rule.
“I became increasingly dismayed as I did my research: How was it possible that nobody had any idea about this dark history?” says Reggie Baay, author of Daar werd wat gruwelijks verricht: Slavernij in Nederlands-Indie (Gruesome things were committed there: Slavery in the Dutch East Indies).
The Netherlands started spreading its maritime wings in the late 16th century, dividing its global trading posts between the West Indian Company (WIC — West-Indische Compagnie), which overlooked its territories in the Americas and the VOC for Asia. The two companies came to be among the largest Atlantic slave traders between the 17th and the 19th centuries, shipping and trading hundreds of thousands of Africans to the Americas to work on plantations, including in the WIC territories of Surinam and the Antilles. Unknown to many, however, the Dutch were just as active in Asia.
Historian and writer Baay points out in his book that “from the beginning of their activities in Asia, the VOC bought, sold and used slaves.”
In his book Kleurrijke Tragiek: De geschiedenis van Slavernij in Azië onder de VOC (Colorful Tragedy: The history of slavery in Asia under the VOC), historian Matthias van Rossum recounts how VOC vicar Johann Christian Hoffman spoke of the dynamic trade carried out by Europeans and Asians in Batavia in the mid 17th century.
“The most important merchandise was slaves brought here from Ambon, Ternate, Bali, Borneo, Bengal, Madagascar and other countries, who were sold and resold on a daily basis,” Hoffman wrote in his journal.


Matthias van Rossum (Courtesy of Matthias van Rossum/Courtesy of Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum)

28.07.2015

Fabrics Stained with Colonial Blues

by Philip A Hartigan on July 27, 2015




Jovencio de la Paz, “Endless Flight I,” batik, natural indigo and applique on cotton, 44″ x 36.5″ (all photos by the author for Hyperallergic)

CHICAGO — The color indigo has been used for thousands of years to dye fabric with an inimitable, lustrous blue, the blue of a warm night sky or a shimmering ocean. Manufacturing the color has also been bound up with forced human labor or slavery, whether in India or Asia, where the source plant originated, or the Americas, where it was imported and where indigo production in the late 1700s was as economically valuable as sugar and cotton. (The blue areas of the first American flags were dyed with indigo, almost certainly produced by the hands of slaves in the southern US states.) It is this duality — the color’s beauty and its intimate connection with human degradation — that artist Jovencio de la Paz explores in his current exhibition of batik works, Endless Flight.